Atypical Cardiac Chest Pain

We taught you what cardiac chest pain looked like, right? You remember.

We painted the perfect picture for you in your cardiac emergencies lecture in your EMT class. The pain felt like a pressure. It was brought on by exertion. It radiated to the left arm and through to the back. Sometimes, in your EMT skills stations, we would get fancy and have it begin at rest and radiate to the jaw. Just trying to keep you on your toes after all.

All this stuff is good to know. But we may have done you a disservice. You may be walking around with the idea that you can do a quick OPQRST and a SAMPLE and walk away with a fairly good feel for whether or not your patient is having a heart attack. You may be dead wrong.

What we may not have told you was that a large percentage of your patients suffering acute myocardial infarction won’t look anything like this. Atypical cardiac chest pain, those folks who have heart attacks but don’t quite feel like they’re supposed to feel, are actually very common. Common enough that we may need to think of a new name for them. Research says that the atypical folks may be a whole lot more typical than we think.

Did you know that the patient who is having a true myocardial infarction is 10% more likely to have pain radiate to his right arm than his left? Wrap your brain around that one.

It gets worse:

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Understanding OPQRST

After my post/rant about the overuse and misuse of the DCAP BTLS TIC acronym in EMS education, I was asked the question, ” Well, are there any acronyms that you do find useful?” And the answer is an emphatic yes. Some acronyms make for useful mnemonic devices to help us recall needed information in stressful situations. Despite my strongly worded warning about the use of acronyms, I think there are several good ones that have valid clinical uses.

For sure one of the more useful acronyms I’ve learned is OPQRST. I learned it back in EMT school in 1989 and I’ve been using it ever since. I can’t imagine how many times I’ve gone through these letters in my mind while meandering through a subjective assessment with a patient.

This is an acronym that has stood the test of time, which is saying a lot in the word of emergency medicine. Considering everything that has come and gone in the last three decades of EMS evolution, the most remarkable thing we can say about OPQRST is that it has endured.

Today lets dive a little deeper into the nature of OPQRST questioning. What does OPQRST mean? When should we use it? What kinds of questions should you be asking to get the information we’re looking for and where does the OPQRST standard fall short of providing us with a complete picture of a patients pain.

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